Images

https://estelle.github.io/CSS/borders/images.html

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CSS Images

CSS `<image>` functions

url() function
Gradients
cross-fade() function
element() function
image() function
image-set() function
paint() function - a.k.a. Houdini

`<image>` functions

url(test.jpg)
linear-gradient(blue, red)
radial-gradient(blue, red)
conic-gradient(blue, red)
repeating-linear-gradient(blue, red 20%)
repeating-radial-gradient(blue, red 20%)
repeating-conic-gradient(blue, red 20%)
cross-fade(url(twenty.png) 20%, url(eighty.png)) 
element(#realid)
image(ltr 'arrow.png#xywh=0,0,16,16', red) 
image-set('test.jpg' 1x, 'test-2x.jpg' 2x)
paint(worklet)

Where `<image>` is used.

background-image:
list-style-image:
border-image-source:
mask-image:
shape-outside:
mask-border-source:
symbols: /* for @counter-style */
content:  /* for ::after and ::before pseudo elements (/)
-webkit-box-reflect:

Default image sizes

Some images have default sizes when used:

Kind of Object (CSS Property)	Default object size
`background-image`	The size of the element's background positioning area
`list-style-image`	The size of a `1em` character
`border-image-source`	The size of the element's border image area
`cursor`*	The browser-defined size matching the usual cursor size on the client's system
`symbols` for @counter-style	The usual cursor size on the client's system
`content` for a pseudo-element (`::after`/`::before`)	A 300px × 150px rectangle

The cursor takes an url() with an .cur file, but no other type of image.

`url()`

`url()` function

The url() function for images works wherever the image value works. It is the only global image function right now.

background-image: url("https://mdn.mozillademos.org/files/16761/star.gif");
list-style-image: url('../images/bullet.jpg');
content: url("pdficon.jpg");
border-image-source: url(/media/diamonds.png);
mask-image: url("masks.svg#mask1");

The url() function is not just for images

cursor: url(mycursor.cur);
src: url('fantasticfont.woff');
offset-path: url(#path);

url() values

url(singleImage.png)

url(SVGImages.svg);

url(sprite.png#xywh=40,0,20,20)

url(data:image/gif;base64,fOulrS123hEAAa517sdfQfdafsPFRjuy187xxRM221...)

url("data:image/svg+xml;utf8,<svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='220' height='200'><circle cx='55' cy='190' r='25' fill='#FFF' />^lt;path d='M160 213h-34a82 82 0 0 0 -82 -82v-34a116 116 0 0 1 116 116z' fill='#666'/><path d='M184 213A140 140 0 0 0 44 73 V 38a175 175 0 0 1 175 175z' fill='#666'/></svg>"); SVG Example

Media fragment will not break backwards... hash will be ignored

`url()` Example

Gradient Functions

Gradients

They get their own chapter

6 Gradient Types


     
      linear-gradient();
      radial-gradient();
      conic-gradient();
      repeating-linear-gradient()
      repeating-radial-gradient()
      repeating-conic-gradient()

`cross-fade()`

`cross-fade()` function

Used to blend two or more images at a defined transparency.

cross-fade( [<percentage>? && [ <image> | <color> ] ]# )

the cross-fade() image function takes other image functions as a parameter

cross-fade(40% url(image1.jpg), 
           30% url(image2.jpg), 
           35% url(image3.jpg))

If any %s are omitted, the missing split the difference up to a total of 100%.

This syntax is not yet supported anywhere.

`cross-fade()` Example

Browser support: `cross-fade()` image value

Open

`element()`

`element()` function

Defines an <image> value generated from an HTML element. Allows the use of any element, including <canvas> anywhere CSS images can be used (since FF4).

element(#someID)

Pass the ID of an element

background-image: -moz-element('#someID');
background-image: element('#someID')

This image is live: if the HTML changes, the image is automatically updated.

Works prefixed. In FF only

`element()` Example

`image()`

`image()` function

Not supported anywhere yet!

Similar to url() but with additional features, including directionality, fallback image, fallback color, and image fragments.

image( <direction>? [ <image-src>? , <color>? ]! )

direction: Optional, either ltr or rtl
image-src: Zero or more <url>s or <string>s specifying the image sources, with optional image fragment identifiers. image(sprite.png#xywh=40,0,20,20);
color: Optional solid color fallback.

More on `image()`

Define which portion of the image to show:

background-image:
    -moz-image-rect(url(ico_sprite.jpg), 32, 64, 16, 16);
background-image: image('ico_sprite.jpg#xywh=32,64,16,16')

Fallback in case your images doesn't load:

background-image:
     image("try1.svg", "try2.png", "try3.gif", blue)

Flip the image if the direction is rtl.

background-image: image("arrow.png" rtl)

image-set()

`image-set()` function

Provide a set of images and information, allowing the browser to pick the most appropriate option.

image-set( <image> <resolution># )

General goal is serving high resolution images.

background-image: image-set( "cat.png" 1x,
   "cat-2x.png" 2x,
   "cat-print.png" 600dpi);

Resolution in x or dppx, dpi, or dpcm
Every image within an image-set() must have a unique resolution.
Can not be nested inside another image-set() function.

Browser support: `image-set()` image value

Open

`paint()`

a.k.a. “Houdini”

`paint()` function

Enables pulling in JavaScript drawing directly into an element's background, border, or content.

background-image: paint(myJSDrawing);

To programmatically create a CSS image with JavaScript:

Define a paint worklet using the registerPaint() function
Register the worklet
Include the paint() CSS function

Has to be over HTTPS!!

A JS Worklet

registerPaint('nameOfMyworklet', class {
  // use this function to retrieve any custom props defined for the element, 
  // return them in the specified array
  static get inputProperties() { return ['--myColor']; }

  // Input arguments that can be passed to the `paint` function
  // static get inputArguments() { return ['']; }
  // Whether Alpha is allowed? - This is set to true by default, 
  // if it is set to false all colours used on the canvas will have full opacity, or alpha of 1.0
  static get contextOptions() { return {alpha: true}; }

  paint(ctx, size, props) {
    // ctx -> drawing context
    // size -> size of the box being painted
    // props -> list of custom properties available to the element

    // set where to start the highlight & dimensions
    const x = 0;
    const y = size.height * 0.3;
    const blockWidth = size.width * 0.33;
    const highlightHeight = size.height * 0.85;

    // Paint uses Typed OM to retireve the custom property 
    // value, so we have to use the get method on it
    ctx.fillStyle = props.get( '--myColor' );

    // block
    ctx.beginPath();
    ctx.moveTo( x, y);
    ctx.lineTo( blockWidth, y );
    ctx.lineTo( blockWidth + highlightHeight, highlightHeight );
    ctx.lineTo( x, highlightHeight );
    ctx.lineTo( x, y );
    ctx.closePath();
    ctx.fill();
    // dashes
    for ( let i = 0; i < 4; i++ ) {
      let start = i * 2;
      ctx.beginPath();
      ctx.moveTo( ( blockWidth ) + ( start * 10 ) + 10, y );
      ctx.lineTo( ( blockWidth ) + ( start * 10 ) + 20, y );
      ctx.lineTo( ( blockWidth ) + ( start * 10 ) + 20 + (highlightHeight ), highlightHeight );
      ctx.lineTo( ( blockWidth ) + (start * 10 ) + 10 + ( highlightHeight ), highlightHeight );
      ctx.lineTo( ( blockWidth ) + ( start * 10 ) + 10, y );
      ctx.closePath();
      ctx.fill();
    }
  } // paint
});

Register the worklet

Add the module, or "register" the worklet

CSS.paintWorklet.addModule('houdini.js');

Now it can be referenced with the paint() function with the name of the worklet

 element {
  background-image: paint(nameOfMyworklet);
}
h1 { --myColor: hsla(155, 90%, 60%, 0.7); }
h3 { --myColor: hsla(255, 90%, 60%, 0.5); }
h6 { --myColor: hsla(355, 90%, 60%, 0.3); }

CSS Painting API

This is a header

This is a heading level 3 with more text than the h1

Hello H6

Browser support: `paint()` image value

Open

CSS <image> functions

Not supported anywhere yet!

a.k.a. “Houdini”

This is a header

This is a heading level 3 with more text than the h1

Hello H6

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CSS `<image>` functions